Graduate Student Handbook

Academic Year 2025-2026

***Policies apply to those entering the graduate program effective AY 2025-2026. Students who entered their respective graduate degree programs prior to Fall 2025 should consult the graduate handbook in effect for the year in which they enrolled. Note that all Department policies align with those outlined in the Graduate School’s Policies and Procedures Manual.

Welcome and Introduction

Welcome to the graduate program in Criminal Justice and Criminology (CJC) at Washington State University. We are pleased that you have chosen to pursue an advanced degree with us. Here, you will work with world-class scholars to conduct theory-driven empirical research, gain a deeper understanding of the discipline’s key challenge, evaluate justice interventions, and develop evidence-based programs and policies. Over the course of your scholarly trajectory, you also learn the fundamentals of empirical research design and data analysis. Coursework, exams, and academic writing will emphasize the links between theory, scientific research, and policy. This will collectively prepare you to be informed consumers of empirical knowledge, foster skills necessary for translating empirical findings into effective and appropriate criminal justice policy, and facilitate your participation in the scientific endeavor so that you will be capable of executing independent research that builds and advances knowledge in criminal justice and criminology.

You will work with leading scholars who have diverse expertise and international acclaim. World-class faculty have been recognized for problem-focused scholarship that addresses persistent and emerging justice issues. Their active engagement with government and non-government organization (NGO)/non-profit practitioner partners enriches research initiatives and enhances student learning.

Graduate Program Guidelines Navigation

The Department’s Graduate Handbook provides key guidance for completing degree requirements, aligned with WSU Graduate School Policies and Procedures. Students are responsible for adhering to both documents, with faculty support and graduate personnel to assist compliance. The Handbook version provided to each student upon program entry governs individual study plans, though forms and materials may be updated periodically.

In cases of conflicting policies, WSU Graduate School Policies and Procedures take precedence.

Program Mission, Objectives, and Learning Outcomes

Program Mission

Graduate programs in CJC prepare students to better understand and address justice challenges at the local, national, and international levels. This is achieved through the development of theoretical, methodological, and policy-related knowledge and skills as they pertain to criminal justice and criminology.

Program Objectives

The graduate programs in CJC train students to be competent and intelligent consumers of empirical knowledge and participants in the creation of this knowledge. Students will understand and be able to conceptualize, analyze, and theorize the changing nature of crime, justice, and systems of formal social control in both current and historical contexts, domestically in the U.S. and internationally, in comparative settings. Moreover, students will acquire the cultural competence, methodological proficiency, and analytical skills to interpret existing research and participate in the execution of independent research related to criminal justice and criminology.

These objectives will be expressed differently at each program level.

M.A. Graduate Program Learning Outcomes

There are four (4) student learning outcomes for the M.A. graduate program:

• Disciplinary Proficiency

Upon completion of the M.A. graduate program, students will be generally knowledgeable about criminal justice system institutions, criminal justice policy, and criminological theory. Assessment location: CRMJ 513, 530, 555, 580

• Contextual Knowledge

Upon completion of the M.A. graduate program, students will understand how the larger historical, social, economic, and political contexts have affected criminal justice and criminological policies, interventions, institutions, and outcomes. Assessment location: CRMJ 513, 580

• Methodological Competence

Upon completion of the M.A. graduate program, students will be competent in the basics of criminal justice and criminological research, including research design and rudimentary quantitative analysis. Assessment location: CRMJ 520, 522, 540

• Proficient Communication

Upon completion of the M.A. graduate program, students will be capable communicators in terms of research according to professional academic standards in both written and oral formats. Assessment location: All written coursework and oral presentations

Ph.D. Graduate Program Learning Outcomes

There are five (5) student learning outcomes for the Ph.D. program:

• Disciplinary Proficiency

Upon completion of the Ph.D. program, students will be generally knowledgeable across the entire academic disciplines of criminal justice and criminology. Assessment location: CRMJ 530, 555, Preliminary Examination and Dissertation

• Contextual Knowledge

Upon completion of the Ph.D. graduate program, students will understand how the larger historical, social, economic, and political contexts have affected criminal justice and criminological policies, interventions, institutions, and outcomes. Assessment location: CRMJ 513, 580

• Methodological Competence

Upon completion of the Ph.D. program, students will be competent in the full range research methods and analytical techniques used in the academic disciplines of criminal justice and criminology. Assessment location: CRMJ 520, 522, 523, 540; Preliminary Examination and Dissertation

• Specialized Expertise

Upon completion of the Ph.D. program, students will develop a comprehensive understanding of the published scholarship and contemporary research methods in a specific, defined area of study within the academic disciplines of criminal justice and criminology. Assessment location: Preliminary Examination and Dissertation

• Proficient Communication

Upon completion of the Ph.D. program, students will be proficient communicators in terms of research and pedagogy according to professional academic standards in both written and oral formats. Assessment location: All written coursework and oral presentations, Preliminary Examination, Dissertation and Final Oral Examination

Graduate Programs and Degree Requirements

The DCJC offers both a Master of Arts (M.A.) and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Criminal Justice and Criminology. The M.A. and Ph.D. degrees provide students with a complete overview of the criminal justice system, criminological theory, and methods of analysis.

M.A. Program Requirements

The M.A. program has two options for degree completion—a Thesis Track and a Non-Thesis track. Both graduate programs consist of 30 credit hours, beyond a bachelor’s degree.

M.A. Program Requirements, Thesis-Track

The Thesis Track M.A. graduate program consists of 30 graduate credit hours, beyond a bachelor’s degree:

• 23 of the 30 total graduate credit hours are comprised of graded coursework.
• 7 of the 30 total graduate credit hours are comprised of master’s thesis research credits (CRIMJ 700).

Beyond the required graduate course credit hours, students enrolled in the Thesis Track option of the M.A. program must successfully complete and defend a master’s thesis, described in Academic Progress and Program Milestones.  For a detailed overview of M.A. Thesis-Track course credit requirements, please see Appendix A.

M.A. Program Requirements, Non-Thesis-Track

The Non-Thesis Track M.A. graduate program consists of 30 graduate credit hours, beyond a bachelor’s degree:

• 26 of the 30 total graduate credit hours are comprised of graded coursework.
• 4 of the 30 total graduate credit hours are comprised of master’s thesis research credits (CRIMJ 702).

Beyond the required graduate course credit hours, students enrolled in the Non-Thesis Track option of the M.A. program must successfully complete a non-thesis project and oral poster presentation, described in Academic Progress and Program Milestones. For a detailed overview of M.A. Non-Thesis track course credit requirements, please see Appendix A.

Ph.D. Program Requirements

The Ph.D. program consists of 72 graduate credit hours, beyond a bachelor’s degree:

• 39 of the 72 total graduate credit hours are comprised of graded coursework.
• 33 of the 72 total graduate credit hours are comprised of doctoral dissertation research credits (CRIMJ 800).

Beyond the required graduate course credit hours, students in the Ph.D. program must pass a qualifying preliminary examination, submit and orally defend a dissertation prospectus, complete a dissertation, and pass a final oral dissertation defense, described in Academic Progress and Program Milestones. For a detailed overview of Ph.D. course credit requirements, please see Appendix A.

Transfer Credits

No more than 12 graduate-level transfer credits for completed coursework may be accepted in fulfillment of CJC graduate program requirements, per the Graduate School’s policy.  Core courses cannot be replaced with transfer credits. Note that all transfer credits must be approved by the Graduate Program Director. Approval of transfer credits is not guaranteed and up to the discretion of the Graduate Program Director.

Program Checklist

A program checklist that identifies each requirement and degree milestone for the M.A. and Ph.D. graduate programs presented in Appendix B. This should be used as a resource by students to identify all tasks necessary for completion of their degree program.

Graduate Committee Chair and the Committee Process

Advisor and Committee Selection

All students enrolled in the M.A. or Ph.D. program in CJC will form a graduate committee that is composed of at least three graduate faculty members; one of whom serves as the committee chair. Students should identify a committee chair early in their program. Deadlines for committee chair selection vary by degree program:

• by the first semester in residence for the M.A.
• by the second semester in residence for the Ph.D.

The committee chair will be the student’s major advisor throughout their prospective degree work at WSU and will assist the student in assuring that all degree requirements are fulfilled.

The student will work collaboratively with their committee chair to identify other potential committee members. The decision to select committee members should be informed by the student’s individual research interests, their long-term occupational goals, and faculty expertise. Thus, the primary criterion in the selection of committee chair will normally be the student’s expressed interest in a particular field of criminal justice and criminology. Once additional faculty have been identified and the committee chair has approved the committee member selection, potential members will be contacted to request their committee service. Students are responsible for communicating this request to potential committee members and are encouraged to do so in person.

For internal candidates, the Ph.D. program committee does not need to be the same as the M.A. committee.

Per Graduate School policy, all committee members must hold a degree of comparable level to the degree sought by the student, must include at least three current WSU faculty members, and at least two members must be faculty in the DCJC. Ph.D. students may have one additional external (non-voting) graduate faculty member from another university—this should be discussed with their dissertation chair.

Primary responsibility for developing a M.A. or Ph.D. Program of Study rests with the student and the graduate committee.

Program of Study Form

After the graduate committee is selected, the student must complete and sign the Program of Study (POS) form that is sent to the DCJC Graduate Program Coordinator for faculty signatures and submission to the Graduate School, where it is reviewed and filed on record.

Note that appropriate forms must be filed in accordance with Graduate School policy (e.g., by specified deadlines) to ensure timely matriculation.

If students have failed to: 1) form a graduate committee, AND/OR 2) file a Program of Study form by the end of the third semester equivalent of full-time enrollment in residence, they will normally be denied continuance in any assistantship or other kind of intra-program employment.

Updating an Approved Program of Study

DCJC follows Graduate School Policies and Procedures for updating an Approved Program of Study.  A copy of all change request documents must be provided to the Graduate Program Coordinator. Any alterations to a formally approved and recorded title must also be treated as a program change and made part of the official record by processing the usual forms.

Graduate Committee Roles and Responsibilities

The overall purpose of the graduate committee is to mentor the student in their pursuit of a graduate degree for the program in which they are enrolled. While this may look moderately different for the M.A. and Ph.D. programs, there are considerable similarities. Each member of the committee should be selected to serve on the committee because they have a specific purpose and contribution to the student’s scholarly development—this may be subject matter expertise, research design/methodological skill, applied social science research experience and researcher-practitioner partnerships, and the like.

As the advisor, the committee chair is the student’s main mentor and provides direction and assistance with the process of successfully executing the milestone (e.g., thesis, non-thesis project, preliminary exam, dissertation), and with substantive content by providing feedback for use by the student to prepare a defensible (and defended) thesis/project/preliminary exam/dissertation.

Importantly, the committee’s role is to judge the merits of the student’s research (or preliminary exam) by considering its significance and contribution to the larger discipline, the degree to which it is appropriately grounded in existing research and theory, its methodological rigor and analytic sophistication, and—for theses, non-thesis projects, and dissertations, its feasibility such that the student can successfully complete the research milestone.

It is salient to note that, unlike coursework, research milestones in a graduate program of study (thesis, non-thesis project, preliminary examination, dissertation) are largely student-directed after an area of focus or topic has been selected and approved by the student’s graduate committee. This can be empowering because the student’s progress is largely dependent on their ability to appropriately manage tasks to ensure sufficient time for completion of each phase. This also means that students should familiarize themselves with academic milestone dates and deadlines to plan appropriately.

Academic Progress and Program Milestones

Satisfactory Academic Progress towards Degree

All graduate students are expected to make satisfactory progress in their studies and are responsible for meeting the Graduate School’s continuous enrollment policy, general academic requirements, and the specific requirements associated with their degree (see the Graduate School’s Policies and Procedures Manual). Programs may have additional requirements, and students are expected to contact their program director and/or faculty advisor for information on these requirements.

Satisfactory graduate program progress is evaluated based on the due dates and deadlines that appear in the Graduate Handbook.

This has been presented in tabular form in Appendix C.

Annual Evaluation of Academic Record

Students are evaluated annually to assess their academic performance and program progress, in accordance with Graduate School policy and informed by program progress deadlines provided in Appendix C. The student’s annual review is led by the student’s graduate committee chair. If the student does not have a committee chair, the Graduate Director conducts the annual review. At the start of each academic year, students will outline key, measurable objectives in cooperation with their committee chair. The annual review involves an assessment of these objectives, the student’s general academic success (course performance), their program progress (e.g., qualifying examinations, defenses), and criteria set by the Graduate School. Students are expected to meet expectations in all areas.

If a student does not “meet expectations” on all assessment indicators, they will be found deficient and will receive a letter from the Graduate School indicating one of the following:  Termination from the Graduate School (if they are not meeting Graduate School requirements), instructions for the development of a required, actional success plan to address academic performance, or termination from DCJC (if the student is placed on a student success plan but fails to improve their performance). This process is outlined in Graduate School policy (p. 51).

Disqualification from Eligibility for Funding

Graduate students shall not be given aid through the program (assistantships, etc.) in the fall semester if they are carrying a grade of “I” for any course other than 700, 702, or 800 received in a non-contiguous semester. Any student who, by the end of the third semester of full-time enrollment in the program has failed to form a committee, file a program of study (in the case of the Ph.D.), or maintain a 3.00 minimum GPA at the end of each semester shall normally be denied continuance in any assistantship or other kind of employment.

IRB Compliance Requirements

Graduate degree program milestones, described below, involve the execution of original research and may involve data collection that is subject to oversight by the University’s human subject’s review board or Institutional Review Board (IRB), as dictated by both Federal law and university policies. All faculty, staff and students engaged in research involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by the IRB prior to initiating any portion of the project. Failure to meet this criterion will result in students being unable to complete their thesis. Compliance with IRB regulations is required for successful degree progression.

Students using research tools such as surveys, questionnaires, existing data, etc. to gather information for their thesis must have approval from their committee chair prior to submitting their project to the IRB for approval. Students should consult with their committee chair for assistance in completing this requirement. Typically, students should start the IRB process during their second semester in the program.

Before an IRB application is submitted, all students, faculty, and research staff involved in the project must have completed and passed training courses on ‘research involving human subjects’ (CITI training). Confirmation of successful CITI training completion must be on file with the university’s IRB before an IRB application can be submitted for review.

Once CITI training has been successfully completed and is on file, the student must complete the WSU IRB application under the supervision of their committee chair and must obtain notification of the IRB’s approval before any human subjects’ research can proceed. IRB forms can be obtained at HRPP/IRB.

M.A. Graduate Program Milestones

Master’s Final Thesis Examination

In addition to graduate course requirements, students enrolled in the Thesis Track are required, under the guidance of a thesis committee, to complete a master’s thesis that presents the results of a systematic research project on a topic in criminal justice and criminology. The thesis committee will normally be composed of the chairperson and two other members of the Graduate Faculty. The subject matter of the thesis will have an important bearing on the committee’s composition.

The thesis must consist of original scholarship and contribute meaningfully to existing knowledge in criminal justice and criminology. The thesis should be an independent work of research that is comparable to a published journal article in criminal justice and criminology. As such, a completed thesis should be approximately 30 to 40 pages in length and should address a relatively narrow research question. The thesis topic must be approved by the student’s supervisory committee. The thesis prospectus and the thesis itself must also be approved by the supervisory committee.  It is anticipated that most thesis topics will make use of secondary data analysis, though original data may be collected if deemed appropriate and

feasible by the thesis committee. The types of research allowable for the M.A. thesis include, but are not limited to, survey data collection and analysis, qualitative designs, content analyses, and case studies.

The master’s thesis is a three-stage process: 1) the thesis prospectus, 2) writing of the thesis, and 3) the final oral thesis defense.

Thesis Prospectus and Prospectus Defense

The prospectus shall comprise the introduction to the thesis (which must describe the research problem and justify its importance using existing peer-reviewed literature and/or empirical data) and a brief discussion of proposed methods and analytic techniques that will be used to answer the research question(s). The length of a prospectus may vary and will be approximately 10 to 15 pages, though no less than 10 pages. Exceptions to this format will be at the discretion of the committee chair. As the prospectus and prospectus defense are intended to review the proposed methodological approach, students should NOT collect primary data before a successful prospectus examination. Students who do not wait to collect primary data until they have successfully defended their thesis prospectus may not be permitted to use that data to complete their master’s thesis (this decision is made by the student’s graduate committee).

Once the thesis prospectus is completed, it is sent to the committee members for their review. Students must plan sufficient time for faculty to evaluate the prospectus before scheduling the prospectus defense. The committee chair is allotted three weeks to return edits and changes to the student, who will then revise the document. This is iterative—although a chair may turn drafts around more quickly, students must account for this interval each time. With the committee chair’s approval, the student submits the prospectus to the other committee members, and they are allotted, at minimum, three weeks to return edits and changes.

This process is iterative and concludes when the committee views the document as ready for a defense. At that point, a thesis prospectus defense date can be scheduled. Ideally, the thesis prospectus should be defended by the end of their second semester in residence.

The prospectus defense must be public (e.g., can be attended by anyone). For each prospectus defense, the finished document will be provided to the Graduate Coordinator prior to the presentation date for review; an invitation to attend the defense will be sent out to the faculty and graduate students. The defense will consist of a presentation of the project lasting not less than 15 and no more than 30 minutes, followed by questions and answers. After the committee has asked its questions, those also in attendance may question the student at the discretion of the chair. Presentations must be clear, comprehensive, and accessible even to those who have not read the document. All prospectus defenses shall follow this standard format. The thesis prospectus must be successfully defended and approved by the committee prior to completion of the thesis.

Preparing and Defending the Master’s Thesis

After the prospectus has been successfully defended, students will complete a draft of the thesis, executing the project that was approved during the prospectus defense. Preparation of the thesis involves a review and synthesis of relevant literatures, execution of necessary and agreed methodological tools, and

collection and analysis of data to answer the thesis research question(s). A thesis will vary in length but should be 30 to 40 pages. The student should provide regular progress reports to the committee chair as research is conducted. Students should consult with their chair if they have questions about how much information they should provide to other committee members and when to provide that information during the execution of the research and writing up the final thesis. Of course, a student should call upon members of their committee whenever the student wants or needs their expertise. At least once each semester, students should make a point of acquainting each committee member with their progress. Students should keep in mind the criteria for distributing and receiving comments on drafts described above.

Once the thesis is completed and approved by the committee chair, a copy is sent to each committee member for review. This should occur by the 3^rd week of the 4^th semester to provide sufficient time for feedback and scheduling the final exam.

Once each committee member deems it acceptable (following the iterative process described in the prospectus defense section), the student may schedule an oral defense, which must happen by the last allowable date during their fourth semester in residence, according to the Graduate School Policy. Note that under existing Graduate School policies, a defense cannot be scheduled until the thesis is ready for presentation to the Graduate School and for deposit in the University library. The final oral examination usually centers on the thesis, but, as the Graduate School regulations indicate, the student must be prepared to meet questions relating to any of the work they have done for the degree.

Each member of the committee must attend the defense. Other faculty and students may attend as well and graduate faculty may join the balloting process, as allowed by Graduate School policy. A thesis defense lasts at least one hour and may not exceed two and one-half hours. Students are encouraged to talk with the chair about how the defense will be conducted. Following an approximately 30-to-45-minute thesis presentation, members of the committee will ask questions about how the research was conducted, data analyzed and so forth. Other faculty may ask questions as well. In the event that a student fails the thesis defense, the Graduate School allows that “a second and last attempt may be scheduled after a lapse of at least three months.”

A final copy of the thesis (and related required forms) must be submitted in digital format to the Graduate School within five working days for final acceptance. When a thesis is electronically submitted to the Graduate School, paper copies of the title page, abstract and signature pages are still required. These should be on 100% rag bond with the signature page signed in black ink by all committee members. For additional formatting guidelines, visit WSU Graduate School.

Master’s Final Non-Thesis Examination

In addition to graduate course requirements, students enrolled in the Non-Thesis Track are required, under the guidance of a committee, to complete a non-thesis project. This will consist of a professional quality oral poster presentation on a criminal justice and criminology topic that they have previously written about in their CJC graduate coursework at WSU.

Students begin by selecting a committee chair and, with the chair’s approval, construct a graduate committee. This should be done by the deadline to submit a Program of Study. Note that for the Non-Thesis Option, the instructor of record for the paper to be used must be part of the graduate committee, unless that faculty member is not available or is unwilling to serve. If the original faculty member is not able to serve on the graduate committee, this must be documented in writing and filed with the Graduate Program Coordinator.

The master’s non-thesis project is a three-stage process: 1) topic selection, 2) preparation, and 3) the final oral poster presentation.

Topic Selection and Project Preparation

Students must consult with and have their M.A. committee approve the topic of the presentation. Importantly, this topic must be derived from a paper the student has previously completed as part of their CJC graduate coursework at WSU.  Once the topic is approved, the student should begin work on substantially revising the paper, considering feedback received from the original instructor and feedback received from the rest of committee. The student’s revisions should strengthen and streamline the paper to sufficiently represent work that demonstrates the cumulation of their master’s degree. Students can start this process after establishing their committee, though it may also wait until the beginning of their third semester in the M.A. program. The student should work closely with the chair of their committee in this process and must plan to give the chair and the committee members sufficient time to evaluate the document. The committee chair is allotted three weeks to return edits and changes to the student, who will then revise the document. This is iterative—although a chair may turn drafts around more quickly, students must allow for this interval each time. With the chair’s approval, the student submits the document to the other committee members, and they also are allotted, at minimum, three weeks to return edits and changes. This process is also iterative until the committee is satisfied with the document. Students should expect this iterative process will not be completed until either their third or fourth semester in the program.

Poster Presentation and Final Oral Examination

After the final paper drafts have been approved by the committee, the student should begin work preparing a poster presentation that reflects the paper in question. All students pursuing the Non-Thesis option will attend and participate in a department-wide, public M.A. Poster Symposium event, during which they will present their poster to the committee and other members of the department on a date selected by the department. Posters must be at least 24×36 inches in size. In exceptional circumstances and with approval from the committee chair and Graduate Program Director, posters may be presented in electronic form (e.g., a PowerPoint file). The student’s oral presentation is their final examination in fulfillment of the M.A. Non-Thesis Option degree. Performance during the final examination is evaluated by the student’s committee using the Non-Thesis rubric to ensure the student has achieved the learning goals and objectives outlined for the M.A. program. Students should expect to present for approximately 3 to 5 minutes to the committee, with additional time allocated for Q&A. Students may also need to discuss their research with other faculty.

All graduate faculty in attendance may ballot for the exam, following the procedures outlined by the Graduate School. If a student’s final oral examination performance is found to be deficient, this should be reflected on the final ballot. After consulting with the Graduate Director but within 5 days of the poster defense, the committee will provide the student with specific steps needed to correct any deficiencies. In the form of a written document, the student must detail all changes made to the presentation that address the committee’s concerns and must explain the rationale for these changes. To finalize this appeal, the student must submit this document and the updated poster to their committee chair. The student then meets with their committee chair to discuss these changes. A student who does not successfully correct the inadequacies identified by the student’s Master’s Committee will be allowed to reregister for CRMJ 702 the following semester and repeat the oral exam process.

Ph.D. Program Milestones

Preliminary Examination

The preliminary examination is a qualifying exam that enables Ph.D. students to advance to later stages in their program and is a program requirement for all students enrolled in the Ph.D. program. The preliminary exam is scheduled for the student’s fifth semester in residence in the doctoral program. Students must successfully pass their preliminary examination before proceeding to their dissertation proposal defense. Upon successful completion of their preliminary examination, students will advance to All But Dissertation (ABD) Status. ABD status is an important milestone in a Ph.D. student’s academic career as it indicates that a student is in the third and final phase of their doctoral education—what is called, “doctoral candidacy.”

The purpose of the preliminary examination is to assess the student’s ability to integrate and synthesize core empirical knowledge in their area of specialization, specifically to demonstrate: 1) deep understanding of enduring substantive issues in their field of specialization, 2) familiarity with current debates and developments in this body of research, and 3) critical thinking about methodological/statistical issues as they relate to this specialization area.

There are three components to the preliminary examination: 1) a reading and question list, 2) a take-home paper, and 3) the final oral defense.

Component 1: Reading and Question List Development

Students must produce a personalized reading list comprised of significant literature in their defined area of specialization. An area of specialization should be defined narrowly so that students can investigate the depth and richness of a subfield of interest (e.g., “policing” is too large but “gender in policing” is more adequate).

Component 1 Description

The list must contain the foundational works in their area of specialization, including historical, contemporary, and methodological/statistical pieces.

• The reading list should consist of no less than 75 resources. The student should consult their committee chair to identify any weakness in their knowledge background and ensure these are addressed in the reading list.
• Students will also submit for review a proposed list of five (5) questions focused on their substantive area of specialization, and five (5) questions focused on the methodological/statistical aspects of this area of specialization.
• At least two (2) questions (one substantive and one methodological) must address an issue of accessibility that is directly relevant to the area of specialization (i.e., overstudy or understudy of individuals or groups due to their social position and demographic characteristics).
• The proposed list of questions will be drafted collaboratively by the student and their committee chair.

Component 1 Deadlines

The personalized reading list must be created, reviewed and approved by the student’s preliminary exam committee prior to the end of the student’s fourth semester.

• The initial list of questions must be submitted by the student for review to the committee by the end of the 7^th week of the student’s fourth semester.
• The committee will review and return the list with any requested addition or modification by the end of the tenth week of the student’s fourth semester.
• There must be ten (10) total questions approved by the committee.
• Once approved, the reading list and questions will be recorded on the student file.
• The final draft of the reading and questions list must be submitted to the Graduate Coordinator by the last day of the fourth semester to be able to take the Preliminary Exam the following semester. Failure to meet this deadline will delay the exam.

Students are strongly encouraged to stay in contact with the Graduate Coordinator and their committee chair regarding their progress on this front.

Component 2: Take-Home Paper Submission

The preliminary exam process involves two assessments: a written exam and an oral defense. The written exam is administered as a take-home paper.

Component 2: Take-Home Paper Submission Description

Students must write a take-home paper over a three-day period of 57 hours. This is a scheduled, official examination that requires submission of an examination scheduling form though the Graduate School.

• In this paper, they will answer two (2) synthesis questions developed by the committee; one (1) substantive question and one (1) methodological/statistical question.
• Each synthesis question draws upon multiple reading sources and ideas from the list of questions prepared and approved in Component 1 (described above). In composing the answer to each exam question, students should pay careful attention to use the resources from their reading list. Note that if a citation does not fit with or pertain to the parameters of the exam question, they are not required to cite that source in their written exam, but should be fully confident in excluding this source from their answer as the ultimate decision regarding the relevance of a source is made by the preliminary exam committee members who are assessing the student’s written answers.
• In preparing their answer to the preliminary exam questions, students must synthesize and critically analyze the pertinent and relevant literature and address all facets of each question on the exam.
• In addition to their reading list, Students are encouraged to draw upon sources from their coursework and may, if appropriate, include additional relevant material that is not on their list—though the latter is NOT a requirement for the preliminary exam’s take-home paper. Put simply, the preliminary exam reading list is NOT exhaustive. Students are NOT limited to the constraints of the reading list alone when generating ideas, critically analyzing the literature, presenting empirical evidence, and composing an answer to their exam questions.

The take-home paper should therefore provide a comprehensive overview of the student’s specialization area as it pertains to the question, drawing from the relevant historical and contemporaneous literature, and providing a critical analysis of both the substantive and methodological/statistical ramifications in this body of research.

The take-home paper is expected to constitute a solid and critical analysis of the literature.

• The length (a minimum of 20 pages for the substantive answer and 15 pages for the methodological/statistical answer), depth, writing quality and polish of the paper should reflect both the preparation work and account for the 57-hour writing time limit.
• Students whose work falls short of the minimum page limits may still turn in their exams, though they should expect the depth of their work to be critiqued during the assessment process.
• Students may NOT ask questions of faculty regarding the take home examination during the 3-day/57-hour examination process.
• Students may NOT use AI technology (like ChatGPT) to generate answers or ideas in any capacity or to assist with generating answers or ideas to their take home examination.
• Students MUST provide accurate source citations and proper documentation to avoid word and idea plagiarism. Academic integrity violations may result in a student failing their preliminary exam.

Component 2: Take-Home Paper Submission Deadline

Students can opt to start writing their take-home paper on any weekday/business day (i.e., Monday through Friday) during their fifth semester.

• They will receive the preliminary examination questions at 8:00 am on the scheduled start date of the exam and have 57 hours to complete the paper (i.e., until 5pm two days after they started).
• Students must have submitted their take-home paper to the committee by 5 pm on the last exam day. Failure to submit the take home paper by the 5p preliminary examination deadline may result in failure of the written component of the exam.
• When scheduling their take-home paper, students should keep in mind: 1) both the written examination and oral defense must be completed within 30 days, and 2) the last day to schedule an oral defense as determined by the Graduate School policy.
• The preliminary exam committee will have at ten (10) business days to grade the written take-home.

When a student and their committee decide on a date to write the take-home paper, both the written take-home paper and oral defense will be scheduled. The list of readings, list of questions, two synthesis questions developed by the committee, and the student’s written take-home response will be made available to the department’s graduate faculty on SharePoint in preparation of the oral defense.

Component 3: Oral Defense

Students must orally defend their take-home paper before their preliminary examination committee.

Component 3: Oral Defense Description

The oral defense in the preliminary examination process is the point at which students are provided an opportunity to clarify their written answers, address any concerns in the take-home paper that have been identified by the committee, and demonstrate expertise in their specialization area through an oral assessment. The process of the oral defense is as follows:

• At the beginning of the defense, the student will be asked to leave the room. During their absence, the chair of the committee will review the rules of the process and ascertain the order of the questions to be asked during the defense.
• There are two rounds of formal questioning (approximately 3 to 4 questions per round). The first round will focus on questions regarding the student’s substantive answer, and the second round of questions will focus on their methodological/statistical answer. There may also be a third and more informal round of questioning or discussion if deemed appropriate by members of the committee. An additional round of questions from other graduate faculty members in attendance will conclude the defense. Students should note that the Graduate School encourages attendance and participation of other graduate faculty to oral defenses, including balloting—per the Graduate School policy.
• During the oral defense, students are only permitted to have the approved reading list and two synthesis questions, a copy of their take-home paper, and blank paper and writing instruments to take notes during the oral defense.
• At the end of the oral defense, the student (and any members of the audience) will be asked to leave the room and the chair will provide ballots to the committee and any participating members of the graduate faculty, if applicable.
• The oral preliminary exam defense date is contingent on the date that has been scheduled to complete the take-home paper. The oral defense must take place at least ten (10) business days after the completion of the written exam, and no later than 30 days after the completion of the written exam.
• The oral exam must be completed by 5:00 pm on the last day to schedule a preliminary examination, in accordance with Graduate School policy.

All facets of the preliminary exam, including scheduling deadlines, conduct, and process, balloting, failures, and appeals must follow Graduate School policies. Students must complete the entire examination process (written and oral) to pass the exam; choosing not to complete the oral after having “failed” the written will result in an automatic fail of the preliminary examination.

Preliminary Examination Evaluation Criteria

Students are evaluated using the rubrics for the preliminary examination, and the process follows all Graduate School rules. Students who have been found to violate any policies while taking the exam may receive an automatic failing assessment. This decision is made by the committee in conjunction with the Graduate Program Director.

PhD. Dissertation

Successful completion, submission, and oral defense of a dissertation is the final stage in a lengthy and rigorous process of scholarly development and serves as the culmination of years of graduate training. This final milestone is the point in a doctoral candidate’s academic trajectory where they demonstrate their ability to independently conduct original empirical research that is substantively significant, methodologically and analytically rigorous, and contributes meaningfully to the larger body of knowledge in criminology and criminal justice. Here is where they establish themselves as a subject matter expert.

The dissertation is a three-stage process: 1) the dissertation prospectus and prospectus defense, 2) the writing of the dissertation, and 3) the final dissertation oral defense.

Dissertation Prospectus and Prospectus Defense

The dissertation prospectus comprises the first three chapters of the dissertation—that is, the introductory statement of the problem, the literature review that comprehensively synthesizes the existing theory and research on the topic to set up the research questions, and the proposed methods for answering the dissertation’s research questions. Exceptions to this format will be at the discretion of the committee chair. Prospectuses will vary in length. As the prospectus and prospectus defense are intended to review the proposed methodological approach, students should not collect primary (e.g., new) data prior to a successful dissertation prospectus defense.

Students who do not wait to collect primary data until they have successfully defended their dissertation prospectus may not be permitted to use that data to complete their dissertation (this decision is made by the student’s graduate committee in accordance with the Graduate Program Director and/or WSU’s Institutional Review Board).

The dissertation prospectus is expected to be reviewed by the student’s dissertation committee and successfully defended and approved by the committee prior to the completion of the dissertation. The student is encouraged to pursue the defense of a prospectus as soon as possible following the completion of coursework and the preliminary exam process, under the guidance and direction of a graduate faculty advisor and dissertation committee.

The dissertation prospectus defense must be public (i.e., can be attended by those who are not on the dissertation committee). The finished document will be provided to the Graduate Coordinator prior to the presentation date for review and an invitation to attend the defense will be sent out to the faculty and graduate students. The defense will consist of a presentation of the project lasting not less than 20 and not more than 40 minutes, followed by questions and answers. After the committee has asked its questions, those in attendance may question the student, at the discretion of the chair. Presentations must be clear, comprehensive, and accessible even to those who have not read the document. All dissertation defenses shall follow this standard format.

Once the prospectus is approved by the dissertation committee, the student will begin the writing and review process determined in coordination with the chair of their dissertation committee. Students must plan to give the dissertation committee sufficient time to evaluate the dissertation prospectus documents. The committee chair is allotted three weeks to return edits and changes to the student, who will then revise the document. This is iterative—although a chair may turn drafts around more quickly, students must allow for this interval each time. With the chair’s approval, the student submits the document to the other committee members, and they also are allotted, at minimum, three weeks to return edits and changes. This process is also iterative. After the final drafts are returned, the student has three weeks to schedule the prospectus defense. These rules pertain to the academic year only; no committee member is obligated to consider drafts during the summer (though they may elect to do so at their discretion). Students are encouraged to keep the iterative nature of this process in mind, as it impacts the date of defense.

Preparing and Defending the Final Dissertation

After the prospectus is successfully defended, students need to collect and analyze the data which will be used to answer the dissertation research questions and will be presented in the results chapter. Students will also prepare a discussion chapter that positions findings in the larger empirical research on the topic they are investigating. The discussion chapter should include a clear and transparent disclosure of all study limitations, should identify the contributions of findings to the larger body of knowledge in criminal justice and criminology, and detail any implications for theory-building, criminal justice practice, and policy.

Dissertations will vary considerably in length. The student should provide regular progress reports to the committee chair as research is conducted and the dissertation begun. Students should consult with their chair if they have questions about how much information they should provide to other committee members and when. Of course, a student should call upon members of their committee whenever the student wants or needs their expertise. At least once a semester, students should make a point of acquainting each committee member with their progress.

Once the full and completed dissertation is reviewed and approved by the committee chair, students should provide each member of the committee with a copy of the dissertation. After each committee members has deemed the document acceptable (e.g., finished and defensible), it is time for the student to schedule the oral defense. Note that under existing Graduate School policies, a defense cannot be scheduled until the dissertation is ready for presentation to the Graduate School and for deposit in the University library. The final oral defense examination will largely center on the dissertation, but, per Graduate School regulations, the student must be prepared to address questions relating to any of the work he or she has done in fulfillment of the Ph.D.

Each member of the dissertation committee must attend the final oral defense. The final defense is public—this means other faculty and students may also attend. Graduate faculty are permitted to join the balloting process, as indicated by Graduate School policy. A dissertation defense lasts at least one hour and may not exceed two and one-half hours. Students are encouraged to talk with the chair about how the defense will be conducted. Following the student’s presentation of their dissertation, members of the committee will ask questions about how the research was conducted, data analyzed and so forth. Other faculty also may ask questions. In the event that a student fails the dissertation defense, the Graduate School allows that “a second and last attempt may be scheduled after a lapse of at least three months.”

A final copy of the dissertation (and related required forms) must be submitted in digital format to the Graduate School within five working days for final acceptance. When dissertations are electronically submitted to the Graduate School, paper copies of the title page, abstract and signature pages are still required. These should be on 100% rag bond with the signature page signed in black ink by all committee members. For additional formatting guidelines, visit WSU Graduate School.

Policies and Procedures

Academic Performance Standards

See the WSU Graduate School’s Policies and Procedures Manual, AY 2025-2026, pp. 53-65

Academic Integrity and Plagiarism

The WSU Graduate School’s Policies and Procedures Manual, AY 2025-2026, pp. 105-106 details the University’s academic integrity and plagiarism policies. Also see Acts of Dishonesty WAC 504-26-202 and Academic Integrity Violations WAC 504-26-010.

It is important to clarify that plagiarism occurs most often in one of two ways: 1) word plagiarism, and 2) idea plagiarism.

Word plagiarism can take multiple forms. According to the American Psychological Association (APA; Avoiding Plagiarism, 2021, p. 1), “word plagiarism occurs when you use another author’s exact words or phrases without quotation marks [emphasis added]. When another author’s words are used and the original source is cited, quotation marks must be included in the text to identify that those words have been directly quoted and are not the student’s intellectual contribution.

Patchwriting is a form of word plagiarism. This occurs when “working has a similar sentence structure and uses the same words and phrases of the original author…but a student has “added or removed a few words or replaced some of the words with synonyms” (Avoiding Plagiarism, 2021, p.1). Finally, the APA defines idea plagiarism as the use or presentation of ideas that are attributed to another author (e.g., their intellectual contribution) without giving proper credit to that original author.

Appendix D presents the APA’s (2021) resource on Avoiding Plagiarism.

Grade and Incomplete Policies

See the WSU Graduate School’s Policies and Procedures Manual, AY 2025-2026, p. 58.

Appeals and Grievance Procedures

See the WSU Graduate School’s Policies and Procedures Manual, AY 2025-2026, pp. 103-109 for an overview of Student Rights of Appeal Related to Academic Work.

For more information, visit WSU Graduate School’s Policies and Procedures Manual.

Appendices

Appendix A: Graduate Program Course Requirements

MA Non-Thesis Checklist of Courses

Semester 1(Fall 1^st Semester)

Course:

• Crm J 513: Multicultural Issues in Criminal Justice OR Crm J 580: Gender and Justice
• Crm J 514: Professional Development in Criminal Justice and Criminology
• Crm J 520: Criminal Justice Research Methods
• Crm J 530: Criminal Justice: Processes and Institutions

Total Credits: 10

Semester 2 (Spring 2^nd Semester)

Course:

• Crm J 522: Foundations of Quantitative Methods
• Crm J 555: Seminar in Criminological Theory
• Elective

Total Credits: 10

Semester 3 (Fall 3^rd Semester)

Course:

• Crm J 540: Seminar in Evaluation Research
• Elective
• CRM J 702

Total Credits: 10

*** 7 core graded courses required (20 credits); 2 electives required (6 credits); minimum of 4 credits of CRM J 702 required.

MA Thesis Checklist of Courses

Semester 1(Fall 1^st Semester)

Course:

• Crm J 513: Multicultural Issues in Criminal Justice OR Crm J 580: Gender and Justice
• Crm J 514: Professional Development in Criminal Justice and Criminology
• Crm J 520: Criminal Justice Research Methods
• Crm J 530: Criminal Justice: Processes and Institutions

Total Credits: 10

Semester 2 (Spring 2^nd Semester)

Course:

• Crm J 522: Foundations of Quantitative Methods
• Crm J 555: Seminar in Criminological Theory
• Elective

Total Credits: 10

Semester 3 (Fall 3^rd Semester)

Course:

• Crm J 540: Seminar in Evaluation Research
• CRM J 700

Total Credits: 10

Semester 4 (Spring 4^th Semester)

Course:

• CRM J 700
• Elective (If applying to the PhD Program in DCJC)

Total Credits: 10

*** 7 core graded courses required (20 credits); 1 elective required (3 credits); minimum of 7 credits of CRM J 700 required.

PhD Checklist of Courses

Semester 1(Fall 1^st Semester)

Course:

• Crm J 513: Multicultural Issues in Criminal Justice OR Crm J 580: Gender and Justice
• Crm J 514: Professional Development in Criminal Justice and Criminology
• Crm J 520: Criminal Justice Research Methods
• Crm J 530: Criminal Justice: Processes and Institutions

Total Credits: 10

Semester 2 (Spring 2^nd Semester)

Course:

• Crm J 522: Foundations of Quantitative Methods
• Crm J 555: Seminar in Criminological Theory
• Elective

Total Credits: 10

Semester 3 (Fall 3^rd Semester)

Course:

• Crm J 523: Intermediate Quantitative Methods
• Crm J 540: Seminar in Evaluation Research
• Elective

Total Credits: 10

Semester 4 (Spring 4^th Semester): Start Prelim Process

Course:

• Elective
• Elective
• Elective
• CRM J 800

Total Credits: 10

Semester 5 (Fall 5^th Semester): Complete Prelims

Course:

• CRM J 800

Total Credits: 10

Semester 6 (Fall 6^th Semester):

Course:

• CRM J 800

Total Credits: 10

Semester 7 (Fall 7^th Semester):

Course:

• CRM J 800

Total Credits: 10

Semester 8 (Fall 8^th Semester):

Course:

• CRM J 800

Total Credits: 2-10

*** 8 core graded courses required (24 credits); 5 electives required (15 credits); minimum of 33 credits of CRM J 800 required (students must be enrolled in at least 2 credits in their last semester of study to take final PhD Dissertation Examination).

Appendix B: Degree Milestones by Semester

M.A. in Criminal Justice and Criminology

Fall First Year (1^st semester)

• 10 Credits:
  • CRMJ 514
  • CRMJ 513 or CRMJ 580
  • CRMJ 520
  • CRMJ 530
• Read current Graduate Student Handbook
• Meet with faculty in preparation for Program of Study committee selection
• Complete required trainings (CITI and Percipio required courses)

 Spring (2^nd semester Fall admissions, 1^st semester Spring admissions)

• 10 Credits:
  • CRMJ 522
  • CRMJ 555
  • Elective
• Program of Study Due
• Start IRB process for Thesis Track students. Must be signed up for at least 1 credit of CRMJ 700.
• Complete Non-Thesis paper (draft) by end of second semester

Fall Second Year (3^rd semester Fall admissions, 2nd semester Spring admissions)

• 10 Credits:
  • CRMJ 540
  • Elective (required for non-thesis)
  • CRMJ 700 (required total 7 credits for thesis) or CRMJ 702 (required total 4 credits for non-thesis)
• Submit Program Change form if Program of Study needs changes (i.e. took courses not on original POS)
• Apply for Graduation (First week of October)
• Thesis Track prospectus due (must be completed the semester before you defend your thesis and graduation)
• Non-Thesis students should submit exam paperwork to Graduate Coordinator by Mid-October
• Non-Thesis Track poster presentation due (a set date will be sent for non-thesis students to all present at a poster presentation meeting)

Spring (4^th semester Fall admissions, 3^rd semester Spring admissions)

• 10 Credits: (If on a Graduate assistantship)
  • CRMJ 700 for Thesis and CRMJ 702 for Non-Thesis
• Apply for graduation (First week of March)
• Thesis students should submit exam paperwork to Graduate Coordinator by Mid-March
• Thesis Track students should defend their final Thesis
• Non-Thesis Track poster presentation due (a set date will be sent for non-thesis students to all present at a poster presentation meeting)

Ph.D. in Criminal Justice and Criminology

Fall First Year (1^st semester)

• 10 Credits:
  • CRMJ 514
  • CRMJ 513 or CRMJ 580
  • CRMJ 520
  • CRMJ 530
• Read current Graduate Student Handbook
• Meet with faculty in preparation for Program of Study committee selection
• Complete required training (required CITI and Percipio courses)

Spring (2^nd semester)

• 10 Credits:
  • CRMJ 522
  • CRMJ 555
  • Elective
• Meet with faculty in preparation for Program of Study committee selection

Fall (3^rd semester)

• 10 Credits:
  • CRMJ 523
  • CRMJ 540
  • Elective (required for non-thesis)
• Program of Study is due
• If you plan to transfer credits (electives) from your MA, you will need to turn in your official transcript and syllabi for Graduate Program Director and graduate faculty review.

Spring (4^th semester)

• 10 Credits:
  • Elective
  • Elective
  • Elective
  • CRMJ 800
• Begin the Preliminary Examination process, Component 1 (form the Reading and Question List)

Fall (5^th semester)

• 10 Credits:
  • CRMJ 800
• Submit Preliminary Examination paperwork to the Graduate Coordinator by Mid-October
• Complete the take-home paper/written portion of the Preliminary Examination and complete the oral defense (57 hours over three [3] days)
• If not funded through the department and are on a grant submit your ABD form to the Graduate Coordinator

Spring (6^th semester) and Beyond

• Begin work on Dissertation
• Defend Prospectus (first 3 chapters of your Dissertation)
• Schedule and defend Dissertation

Last semester in the Ph.D. program

• You must complete 33 credits of CRM J 800 by the end of the graduating semester and be enrolled in at least two (2) CRM J 800 credits during the semester in which you graduate.
• Submit Program Change Form if your classes deviate from the Program of Study (you will need to submit the Program Change Form before submitting the application for degree).
• Work with your dissertation committee to arrange a date and time to conduct your Final Thesis/Dissertation Exam (following graduate school deadlines).
• Submit completed Examination Scheduling Form.
• Submit Application for Degree.

Appendix C: Program Progress and Academic Milestones Timeline

Action	Directed By	Deadline
Select committee advisor/chair and committee members	Graduate Program Director, Graduate Faculty	As soon as possible after admission. Must have a complete committee by POS submission.
Submit Program of Study (POS)	Graduate Coordinator	M.A.: By Feb 1 Fall admissions, Sept 1 Spring admissions Ph.D.: By Oct 1, 2024
Begin IRB process for M.A. Thesis if needed	Student’s Graduate Committee	2nd semester (at least 1 credit of 700 needed)
Begin Preliminary Exam process (Ph.D. only): questions and reading list	Student’s Graduate Committee	4th semester (Reading list by 7th week; Questions by 10th week)
Complete Non-Thesis paper (M.A.)	Student’s Graduate Committee	The paper should be completed by the end of your 2nd semester.
Complete Non-Thesis poster presentation (M.A.)	Student’s Graduate Committee	This can be completed by the student’s 3rd semester.
Complete thesis prospectus (M.A.)	Student’s Graduate Committee	Complete the thesis prospectus the semester before you defend your thesis and graduation. (This will fall in the student’s 3rd semester)
Complete written and oral Preliminary Exam (Ph.D. only)	Student’s Graduate Committee	5th semester (Check with Graduate Coordinator for deadlines)
Apply for graduation	Dean of Graduate School	Semester of graduation   Must have approved Program of Study, passed prelims (Ph.D.), completed prospectus defesne successfully, and ≥3.00 GPA   Must have approved Program of Study, passed thesis prospectus, received a go ahead from committee chair for final non-thesis paper (M.A.) examination, and ≥3.00 GPA
Update graduation term (if needed)	Graduate School via email Inform Graduate Coordinator & Director	As needed. Email gradschool@wsu.edu  with name, WSU ID, and new term
Schedule Final Examination	Graduate Coordinator → Committee → Dept. Chair → Dean of Graduate School	After applying for graduation: Submit scheduling form at least 10 business days before exam (Ph.D.) Submit thesis/non-thesis/dissertation draft to ProQuest 10 business days before exam (M.A. and Ph.D.)
Complete Final Examination	M.A. or Ph.D. Committee	See Graduate School Deadlines
Submit final documents (Ph.D. only)	Graduate Coordinator & Committee	Within 5 business days after passing final exam: Final dissertation to ProQuest Hold Harmless form SED certificate Title, abstract, and signature pages via myWSU
Commencement participation	Graduation Fair	Register at Commencement or Graduation Fair

Appendix D: APA’s (2021) Avoiding Plagiarism

• Download APA Style – Avoiding Plagiarism (PDF)

Contact Information

Department Chair

Melanie-Angela Neuilly, Ph.D.
Wilson-Short Hall 112
509-335-5465
m.neuilly@wsu.edu

Graduate Program Director

Cortney A. Franklin
Wilson-Short Hall 119
509-335-8428
c.franklin@wsu.edu

Graduate Program Coordinator

Elle M. Makin
Wilson-Short Hall 111A
509-335-8611
danielle.makin@wsu.edu

Mailing Address, Email, Phone, and Department Website

Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology
Washington State University
Wilson-Short, 111, P.O. Box 644011
Pullman, WA 99164-4011

Phone: 509-335-8611
Email: criminaljustice@wsu.edu

Quicklinks

• Graduate Guidelines 
• Graduate School Forms
• Cost of Attendance
• Graduate School Academic Integrity Policy
• Student Learning Outcomes
• Graduate School’s Continuous Enrollment Policy
• Professional Development Initiatives
• Navigating Your Degree
• WSU Commencement
• IRB Forms

Degree Requirements

• MA in Criminal Justice and Criminology
• PhD in Criminal Justice and Criminology

Program Information

• Welcome and Introduction
• Program Mission, Objectives, and Learning Outcomes
• Graduate Program and Degree Requirements
• Graduate Committee Chair and the Committee Process
• Academic Progress and Program Milestones
• Policies and Procedures

Appendices

• Appendix A: Graduate Program Course Requirements
• Appendix B: Degree Milestones by Semester
• Appendix C: Program Progress and Academic Milestones Timeline
• Appendix D: APA’s (2021) Avoiding Plagiarism